Golang encoding/xml库XML数据处理方法

encoding/xml

encoding/xml

xml

<person id="123">
    <name>张三</name>
    <age>30</age>
    <email type="work">zhangsan@example.com</email>
    <skills>
        <skill>Go</skill>
        <skill>Python</skill>
    </skills>
</person>

package main

import (
    "encoding/xml"
    "fmt"
)

// Person 结构体映射XML的<person>根元素
type Person struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"person"` // 显式指定根元素名，可选
    ID      string   `xml:"id,attr"`  // id是属性
    Name    string   `xml:"name"`     // name是子元素
    Age     int      `xml:"age"`      // age是子元素
    Email   Email    `xml:"email"`    // Email是一个嵌套结构体
    Skills  []string `xml:"skills>skill"` // skills是父元素，skill是子元素，表示一个切片
}

// Email 结构体映射XML的<email>元素
type Email struct {
    Type  string `xml:"type,attr"` // type是属性
    Value string `xml:",chardata"` // Value获取元素内容
}

func main() {
    // 1. 从Go结构体编码为XML (Marshal)
    p := Person{
        ID:   "456",
        Name: "李四",
        Age:  25,
        Email: Email{
            Type:  "personal",
            Value: "lisi@example.com",
        },
        Skills: []string{"Java", "C++"},
    }

    output, err := xml.MarshalIndent(p, "", "  ") // 使用MarshalIndent格式化输出
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Error marshalling: %v\n", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("--- Marshalled XML ---")
    fmt.Println(string(output))

    // 2. 从XML数据解码为Go结构体 (Unmarshal)
    xmlData := `
    <person id="123">
        <name>张三</name>
        <age>30</age>
        <email type="work">zhangsan@example.com</email>
        <skills>
            <skill>Go</skill>
            <skill>Python</skill>
        </skills>
    </person>`

    var decodedPerson Person
    err = xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlData), &decodedPerson)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Error unmarshalling: %v\n", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("\n--- Unmarshalled Person ---")
    fmt.Printf("ID: %s, Name: %s, Age: %d\n", decodedPerson.ID, decodedPerson.Name, decodedPerson.Age)
    fmt.Printf("Email: %s (Type: %s)\n", decodedPerson.Email.Value, decodedPerson.Email.Type)
    fmt.Printf("Skills: %v\n", decodedPerson.Skills)
}

xml:"id,attr"

ID

ID

xml:"name"

Name

Name

xml:",chardata"

xml:"skills>skill"

skills

skill

encoding/xml

<book id="bk101" available="true">
    <title lang="en">Go Programming</title>
    <author>John Doe</author>
    <chapter num="1">Introduction</chapter>
    <chapter num="2">Basics</chapter>
    <description>
        This is a great book about <highlight>Go</highlight> programming.
        It covers <topic>concurrency</topic> and <topic>web development</topic>.
    </description>
</book>

type Book struct {
    XMLName    xml.Name  `xml:"book"`
    ID         string    `xml:"id,attr"`
    Available  bool      `xml:"available,attr"`
    Title      TitleElem `xml:"title"`
    Author     string    `xml:"author"`
    Chapters   []Chapter `xml:"chapter"`
    Description DescriptionElem `xml:"description"`
}

type TitleElem struct {
    Lang  string `xml:"lang,attr"`
    Value string `xml:",chardata"` // 获取