为了加速 golang 单元测试执行，可以采取以下措施：1. 进行并行测试以同时运行多个测试；2. 复用测试数据以减少创建和初始化数据的开销；3. 通过 mocking 模拟依赖项来避免不必要的外部调用；4. 使用 benching 找出执行时间最长的测试并进行优化。
如何加速 Golang 单元测试的执行速度？
Golang 的单元测试虽然强大，但执行速度较慢，从而影响了开发效率。本文将介绍几种方法来加速测试执行，优化开发流程。
1. 并行测试
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Go 1.18 起支持并行测试，即同时运行多个测试。这对于大项目尤为有利。
package main
import (
"testing"
"sync"
)
// TestParallel runs tests in parallel using the t.Parallel() function.
func TestParallel(t *testing.T) {
// Create a channel to signal completion.
done := make(chan struct{})
defer close(done)
// Create a wait group to track running tests.
var wg sync.WaitGroup
// Start multiple test goroutines.
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
wg.Add(1)
go func(i int) {
defer wg.Done()
t.Run("Test"+strconv.Itoa(i), func(t *testing.T) {
// Your test code here
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
})
}(i)
}
// Wait for all tests to complete before returning.
go func() {
wg.Wait()
close(done)
}()
<-done // Block until all tests have finished.
}2. 复用测试数据
预先创建和复用测试数据可以减少测试执行时间。
package main
import (
"testing"
"sync"
)
var testData map[string]interface{}
var testDataLock sync.RWMutex
// TestDataSetup runs once before all tests and creates test data.
func TestDataSetup(t *testing.T) {
testDataLock.Lock()
defer testDataLock.Unlock()
if testData == nil {
// Create and initialize test data here.
}
}
// TestExample runs a test using the shared test data.
func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
TestDataSetup(t) // Ensure test data is available before each test.
// Use testData in your test code.
}3. mocking
通过 mocking 依赖项，模拟外部调用并消除瓶颈。
package main
import (
"testing"
)
type MyInterface interface {
DoSomething()
}
type MockMyInterface struct {
DoSomethingCalled bool
}
func (m *MockMyInterface) DoSomething() {
m.DoSomethingCalled = true
}
// TestExample uses a mocked dependency to speed up testing.
func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
mock := &MockMyInterface{}
// Pass mock to your code under test.
// Assertions using mock.DoSomethingCalled to verify behavior.
}4. Benching
使用 benching 找出执行时间最长的测试并对其进行优化。
package main
import (
"testing"
"time"
)
func TestSlow(t *testing.T) {
for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
// Time-consuming operation.
}
}
func TestFast(t *testing.T) {
for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
// Fast operation.
}
}
func TestBenchmark(t *testing.T) {
for i := 0; i < benchmarkN; i++ {
t.Run("TestSlow", func(t *testing.T) {
b := testing.Benchmark(TestSlow)
log.Println(b.N, b.NsPerOp())
})
t.Run("TestFast", func(t *testing.T) {
b := testing.Benchmark(TestFast)
log.Println(b.N, b.NsPerOp())
})
}
} 
