linux下MySQL安装与删除 (Ubuntu下)

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发布时间：2016-06-07 15:52:33

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1、mysql安装 A）MySQL安装： sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client B）启动/停止MySQL服务： MySQL 在安装以后，MySQL 就已经启动；如果需要手动启动或停止则如下操作：手动启动服务： sudo start mysql 手动停止服务： sudo stop mysql 当修改

1、mysql安装

A）MySQL安装： sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client　

B）启动/停止MySQL服务：

MySQL 在安装以后，MySQL 就已经启动；如果需要手动启动或停止则如下操作：

手动启动服务： sudo start mysql

手动停止服务： sudo stop mysql

当修改mysql相关配置的时候，需要手动重启MySQL服务，就需要如上操作。

查看mysql进程是否已经启动：

ps -aux | grep mysql

#ps -aux 显示当前所有进程(包括 mysql , 和 name 用户 )， grep mysql 用来查找 mysql 进程；具体使用可以查看 ps, grep 用法

#man ps ; man grep

或者使用：

sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

两种命令的结果：

name@ThinkPad:~$ ps -aux | grep mysql

Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus'-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html

mysql 25994 0.0 0.9 137800 18400 ? Ssl 10:18 0:10 /usr/sbin/mysqld

name 26543 0.0 0.1 8544 2320 pts/2 S+ 11:06 0:00 mysql -u root -p

name 27068 0.0 0.1 8388 2064 pts/1 S+ 18:21 0:00 mysql -u root -p

name 27917 0.0 0.0 5412 788 pts/3 S+ 21:45 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

name@ThinkPad:~$ sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN 25994/mysqld

C）MySQL 配置文件结构：

MySQL 配置文件为 my.cnf , 位置在 /etc/my.cnf 以及 /etc/mysql/my.cnf

#

# The MySQL database server configuration file.

#

# You can copy this to one of:

# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf"to set global options,

# - "~/.my.cnf"to set user-specific options.

#

# One can use all long options that the program supports.

# Run program with --helpto get a list of available options and with

# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.

#

# For explanations see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed toall mysql clients

# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes

# escpecially if they contain"#" chars...

# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Here is entries for some specific programs

# The following values assume you have at least32M ram

# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.

[mysqld_safe]

socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

nice = 0

[mysqld]

#

# * Basic Settings

#

# * IMPORTANT

# If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may

# also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld.

#

user = mysql

socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

port = 3306

basedir = /usr

datadir = /var/lib/mysql

tmpdir = /tmp

skip-external-locking

#

# Instead of skip-networking thedefault is now to listen only on

# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.

bind-address =127.0.0.1

#

# * Fine Tuning

#

key_buffer =16M

max_allowed_packet =16M

thread_stack =192K

thread_cache_size =8

# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed

# the first time they are touched

myisam-recover = BACKUP

#max_connections =100

#table_cache =64

#thread_concurrency =10

#

# * Query Cache Configuration

#

query_cache_limit =1M

query_cache_size =16M

#

# * Logging and Replication

#

# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.

# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.

# As of 5.1you can enable the log at runtime!

#general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log

#general_log =1

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log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log

# Here you can see queries with especially long duration

#log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log

#long_query_time =2

#log-queries-not-using-indexes

#

# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.

# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about

# other settings you may need to change.

#server-id =1

#log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log

expire_logs_days =10

max_binlog_size =100M

#binlog_do_db = include_database_name

#binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name

#

# * InnoDB

#

# InnoDB is enabled bydefault with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.

# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!

#

# * Security Features

#

# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!

# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/

#

# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI"tinyca".

#

# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem

# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem

# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem

[mysqldump]

quick

quote-names

max_allowed_packet =16M

[mysql]

#no-auto-rehash #faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]

key_buffer =16M

#

# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!

# The files must end with'.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.

#

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

在启动MySQL的时候会通过读取配置文件my.cnf ，并根据这个文件的路径： /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock 启动MySQL

　datadir = /var/lib/mysql #这句是数据库所在位置，比如如果创建一个数据库mysql_first，则数据库文件放置在该目录下。

log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # mysql错误文件，如果在执行mysql出错了，可以查看该文件。

D）进入MySQL

进入MySQL一般需要密码，除非使用 safe_mysql

如果不提供密码则会出现如下错误提示：

ERROR 1045(28000): Access denied for user'name'@'localhost'(using password: NO)

这是因为在安装MySQL输入了密码，需要提供密码；

具体：

name@ThinkPad:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is40

Server version: 5.1.58-1ubuntu1(Ubuntu)

This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,

and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2license

Type 'help;'or'\h' for help. Type'\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

sudo mysql -u root -p # 这里的几个参数: u 表示 user ,后面是参数； p 表示 password ,会在后面有 Enter password: 提示

也可以直接提供用户和密码(使用 -- )

sudo mysql --user=root --password=123456

C）退出MySQL

主要有三种方式：

　　mysql> exit
　　Bye

　　mysql> quit
　　Bye

mysql> #直接按Ctrl + D

2、卸载MySQL

A）卸载MySQL软件

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-5.1

sudo apt-get remove mysql-server

sudo apt-get autoremove mysql-server

sudo apt-get remove mysql-common

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-5.1 # 中 mysql-server-5.1是系统安装的 mysql-server版本

B）清理其他数据

dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk'{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P 1、删除 mysql

1 sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-5.0
2 sudo apt-get remove mysql-server
3 sudo apt-get autoremove mysql-server
4 sudo apt-get remove mysql-common (非常重要)

上面的其实有一些是多余的，建议还是按照顺序执行一遍

清理残留数据

dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P

2、安装 mysql

1 sudo apt-get install mysql-server
2 sudo apt-get install mysql-client
3 sudo apt-get install php5-mysql(安装php5-mysql 是将php和mysql连接起来)

 

一旦安装完成，MySQL 服务器应该自动启动。您可以在终端提示符后运行以下命令来检查 MySQL 服务器是否正在运行：

1 sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

当您运行该命令时，您可以看到类似下面的行：

tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:mysql *:* LISTEN -

如果服务器不能正常运行，您可以通过下列命令启动它：

1 sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

3、进入mysql

$mysql -uroot -p 管理员密码
配置 MySQL 的管理员密码：

1 sudo mysqladmin -u root password newpassword

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